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Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Dissertations from the Executive Doctorate in Crummer Graduate School of Business Business Administration Program 2021 The Role of Individual Board Member Resilience, Professionalization, and Commitment in Predicting Volunteer Intentions Among A Not-For-Profit Board of Directors Marcelo L. Martinez Rollins College, mmartinez1@rollins.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.edu/dba_dissertations Recommended Citation Martinez, Marcelo L., "The Role of Individual Board Member Resilience, Professionalization, and Commitment in Predicting Volunteer Intentions Among A Not-For-Profit Board of Directors" (2021). Dissertations from the Executive Doctorate in Business Administration Program.edu/dba_dissertations/34 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Crummer Graduate School of Business at Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations from the Executive Doctorate in Business Administration Program by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online.

For more information, please contact rwalton@rollins. THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL BOARD MEMBER RESILIENCE, PROFESSIONALIZATION, AND COMMITMENT IN PREDICTING VOLUNTEER INTENTIONS AMONG A NOT-FOR-PROFIT BOARD OF DIRECTORS By Marcelo L. Martinez A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Executive Doctor of Business Administration in the Crummer Graduate School of Business, Rollins College 2021 Copyright by Marcelo L. Martinez 2021 ii Signature Page Dissertation Defense: June 24, 2021 DBA Candidate: Marcelo L.

Martinez The content and format of the dissertation are appropriate and acceptable for the awarding of the degree of Doctor of Business Administration Committee Chair Mary Conway Dato-on, Ph.: ________________________________________________ Committee Second William Seyfried, Ph.: ________________________________________________ iii Acknowledgements The journey to complete this dissertation has been one of the most challenging, exhausting, enlightening, and intellectually stimulating of my life. The road to get to this point has been filled with diversions and challenges, but possible nonetheless due to the support of countless individuals. First, I commence by expressing my sincerest and most heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dissertation committee chair: Dr. Mary Conway Dato-on.

Your unwavering support, guidance, patience, and dedication throughout this journey has been vital. More importantly, I thank you for agreeing to serve as my dissertation chair and believing in me and this research from the beginning. I am truly humbled by your coaching and friendship. Next, I would like to thank Dr.

William Seyfried for serving as my second. Your feedback and guidance during this research study has made the final product more impactful and relevant. Also, a special thank you to my reader, Dr. I am truly grateful for your positive feedback and thoughtful contributions throughout this process.

I would like to thank the EDBA03 cohort for their unwavering support, as well as Dr. Reinaldo Llano (EDBA02) for his words of encouragement. I need to also acknowledge all of the EDBA professors at Crummer who helped build the knowledge and skills necessary for this dissertation. To my parents, Juan and Ana Martinez, for instilling in me the tenacious spirit of always believing in myself and pursuing my dreams no matter what.

Your love and support means more to me than words can express. I love you both dearly. To my sister Daniela, thank you for your continuous words of encouragement and support through this journey. Lastly, and most importantly to my best friend and wife Marina: This dissertation would not have been possible if it were not for you.

Your unconditional love, patience, words of iv encouragement, and unwavering love and support has culminated in the successful completion of this research. You are my rock! To my daughters Karina and Kayla, if nothing else, I hope you see that anything and everything is possible with hard work, determination, and perseverance. Along with your mother, you’re my reason for living. I dedicate this dissertation to you: Marina, Karina, and Kayla.

I hope I have made you proud! v Abstract The U. property management industry, of which community association management is a subset, is valued at $88. In a volatile industry such as community association management, client retention is critical, and company success lies with the volunteer members of the board of directors. This dissertation investigates the relationship between individual board member resilience, volunteer board members’ organizational commitment, and the impact of these variables on volunteer intention in not-for-profit board of directors in condominium associations.

Furthermore, the study investigates the moderating relationship that the perception of professionalization of the community association manager has on resilience and volunteer board member commitment. Results establish that individual board member resilience does in fact have an effect on a board members’ volunteer intention through the mediation of board member affective commitment. Results further establish that individual board member resilience has a positive effect on board member commitment (affective and normative), and affective commitment has a direct effect on volunteer intention. Findings suggest that community association managers (CAM’s) and management firms need to be mindful of these effects and make every attempt to ensure that their relationship with their respective boards are enhanced on an individual level.

CAM’s have the ability to impact organizational objectives through the inherent-principal agent relationship. This study adds to the academic literature on resilience within the property management and volunteerism context as well as stewardship theory in nonprofit governance. Managerial implications and future research opportunities are also discussed. vi Table of Contents Title Page…………………………………………………………………………….ii Signature Page……………………………………………………………………………………iii Acknowledgements………………………………….vi Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………….vii List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………….x List of Figures…………………………………………………….xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .1 Purpose of the Study .2 Statement of the Problem .8 Contributions of the Study .9 Organization of the Study .10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .11 Common Interest Realty Associations as Nonprofit Organizations .12 Governance of Common Interest Realty Associations .13 Participation in Nonprofit Governance .15 Theoretical Models of Governance .18 vii Construct Overview .21 Resilience: Different from Hope, Optimism, and Self-Efficacy.28 Hypothesis, Research Questions, and Research Model .33 Study Population, Sample Composition, and Data Collection .36 Overcoming Common Methods Bias.42 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS .44 Response Rates and Final Sample .47 Reliability Analysis SPSS .53 Factor Analysis SPSS .54 Assessment of the Measurement Model in SmartPLS Analysis .59 SmartPLS Factor Analysis .60 Internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity .63 Assessment of SmartPLS Results (Inner Model).68 viii Collinearity Assessment.69 Assessment of the model direct relationships .70 Effect size f2on direct relationships.72 Effect size f2 assessment on full mediation model .75 Significance of path coefficients .75 Evaluation of Perception of Professionalization of CAM moderation (H3 and H3a) .78 Effect size f2 assessment on full moderation model.81 Test of Hypothesis .82 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS, MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS, LIMITATIONS, AND FUTURE RESEARCH .111 ix List of Tables Table 1.

Measures and items………………………………………………………………………. Definition of Variables……. Potential Sources of Common Methods Bias…. Participant Demographics and Descriptives….

List of Indexed Variables. Descriptive Statistics on Indexed Variables………. Test of Normality……………………………………………………………. Reliability Analysis of Scale Measurements….

Principal Component Analysis and Rotated Component Matrix………….54 11: KMO & Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity…………………………………………………….58 12: Factor Analysis Outer Loadings………………………………………………………….61 13: Reliability Analysis SmartPLS……………………………………………………………63 14: Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) Results………………………………. Discriminant Validity: Cross Loadings of Constructs………………………. Reflective Construct Outer Loading and Significance Test Results…………………….67 17: Inner VIF Values…………………………………………………………….69 18: Construct Cross-Validated Redundancy (Q2)……………………………………………. R Square Values for Full Mediation Model………………………………….

Construct Cross-Validated Redundancy (Q2) Mediation Model…………….75 21: Path Coefficients Mediation Model: Bootstrapping Results…………………………….77 22: SmartPLS Specific Indirect Effects………………………………………….77 x 23: Specific Indirect Effects Moderated Mediation………….81 24: Path Coefficients: Bootstrapping Results for Moderation………….……………82 25: Research Study Findings: Hypothesis Results……………………………. Summary of Hypothesis Results………………………………………………………….86 xi List of Figures Figure 1. Research Model and Hypothesis………………………………………………………. Box Plots of Indexed Variables……………………………………………………………53 4.

Factor Analysis Scree Plot………………………………………………………………. Research Model in SmartPLS……………………………………………. SmartPLS Cronbach’s Alpha Chart……………………………………………………. SmartPLS Composite Reliability Chart………………………………………………….

SmartPLS Average Variance Extracted (AVE) Graph………………. Direct Relationships R2 and Path Coefficients……………………………………………. SmartPLS Mediation Model………………………………………………………………73 11. Full Mediation Model p-values and Path Coefficients…………….

Structural Model with Interaction Term (Moderation)……………. Full Model with Mediation and Moderation p-Values and Path Coefficients……………80 xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Business leaders in the property management sector, as in others, are routinely looking for ways to ensure growth and overall profitability. property management industry, of which community association management is a subset, is valued at $88. In a volatile industry such as community association management, client retention is critical, and company success lies with the volunteer members of the board of directors.

Community association managers are instrumental in ensuring long term success for both the management company as well as the board of directors. Having an empirical study that will provide practitioners with a better understanding of how professionalization can impact volunteer intention and may allow management professionals to tailor their services in a way that focuses on the individual board member and board of directors collectively, positioning the company for continued success. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered global uncertainty and economic disruption that will undoubtedly have significant lasting effects in the United States and the world. The World Health Organization (2020) declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a global emergency on January 30, 2020.

In response to COVID-19, extreme measures have been taken (e., stay home orders, modified service capacity limits for certain industries), which have significantly impacted organizations and individuals alike. Studies have shown that the public 1 health emergency caused by COVID-19 poses a challenge to resilience and has caused fear, panic, stress, and worry (Samantaray et al., 2020; Wang et al. These times of unprecedented uncertainty, anxiety, stress, and the overwhelming need to adapt to the new normal will test the resiliency of organizations and individuals. The impetus for this study is grounded in this uncertainty and the impact that one’s response to it may have on individual volunteer board members’ future volunteer intentions.

Stewardship Theory (Donaldson & Davis, 1989; 1991) will be used as the theoretical foundation for this research. This study intends to advance knowledge applicable to both theory and practice, which has been deemed as an important element of engaged scholarship (Van de Ven & Johnson, 2006). Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between individual board member resilience, volunteer board members’ organizational commitment, and the impact of these variables on volunteer intention in not-for-profit board of directors in condominium associations. Furthermore, the study will investigate the moderating relationship that the perception of professionalization of the community association manager has on resilience and volunteer board member commitment.

Community association managers are in a unique position to moderate this relationship through the interaction with the board of directors. Given a paucity of empirical research in the not-for-profit literature, particularly in the context of governance volunteerism and individual resilience, a clear opportunity exists to expand the body of knowledge. A key concept in this research is individual resilience. Resilience has its roots in developmental psychology and is broadly defined as the psychological capacity to adapt and cope with adversity (Masten et.

Conceptualizations of resilience have varied 2 depending on the purpose of the research, in turn expanding its contextual meaning. Researchers have focused on different facets of resilience among individuals (e., trait resilience, psychological resilience, ego resilience, career resilience) and organizations (Block & Block, 1980; Block & Kremen, 1996; Bolton, 2004; Waugh et. al, 2008; Zautra et al. There is, however, a general consensus among scholars that resilience is a capacity that reflects in behavior, deals with change, and relates to overcoming some unwanted situation (Paul & Garg, 2012).

The investigation of resilience at the individual level is supported by the literature (Meng et. al, 2019; Paul & Garg, 2014) and warranted for this study. First, the outcomes measured in this investigation are exhibited at the individual level. In addition, individual resilience measures include behavioral and attitudinal dimensions when predicting overall resilience.

Understanding resilient individuals provides a starting point in defining resiliency in organizations given that collectively, individual members of the organization reinforce a firm’s capacity for resilience (Legnick-Hall, Beck & Legnick-Hall, 2011; Morgeson & Hofmann, 1999). The responsibility of governance in not-for-profits (NFPs) in the United States rests solely with the board of directors. These governance boards are comprised of individuals who volunteer their time to serve on behalf of the organization.