Luận văn: Địa chất & Địa hóa Vùng núi lửa Uvas và Cao nguyên Rubio, New Mexico

BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Summer 2017 Geology and Geochemistry of the Uvas Volcanic Field and Rubio Peak Formation of South-Central New Mexico, USA Max Logan Hoffman Missouri State University, Max1991@live.edu As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Hoffman, Max Logan, "Geology and Geochemistry of the Uvas Volcanic Field and Rubio Peak Formation of South-Central New Mexico, USA" (2017).

MSU Graduate Theses.edu/theses/3142 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact BearWorks@library. GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE UVAS VOLCANIC FIELD AND RUBIO PEAK FORMATION OF SOUTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO, USA A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University TEMPLATE In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science, Geospatial Sciences in Geography, Geology, and Planning By Max Logan Hoffman August 2017 Copyright 2017 by Max Logan Hoffman ii GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE UVAS VOLCANIC FIELD AND RUBIO PEAK FORMATION OF SOUTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO, USA Geology, Geography, and Planning Missouri State University, August 2017 Master of Science Max Logan Hoffman ABSTRACT South-central New Mexico is characterized by many Cenozoic volcanic and tectonic events that produced a complex system of magma sources.

These mechanisms are responsible for the diverse volcanic activity and magmatic evolution in New Mexico. To understand the growth and development of the mantle sources associated with these events, geochemical, petrographic, structural and spatial distribution data were collected from the Uvas volcanic field (UVF) and the Rubio Peak Formation of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field (MDVF). Volcanic rocks from these volcanic fields were chosen based on their importance to relative timing of magmatic and tectonic transitioning events. The structural and spatial data from the UVF infer that magma migration relied on tensional fractures trending NW/SE, to progressively become magma-feed fractures.

The emplacement of these dikes are explained by the mechanism of stretching, allowing discontinuous echelon dike segments to cross-cut adjacent to the extensional stress. The relationships and differences of UVF and MDVF magma sources are explained by the combination of geochemical and petrologic data. Results from oxygen isotope and radiogenic ratios suggest the UVF volcanic rocks are heavily contaminated by high and low δ18O values, while Rubio Peak rocks reflect a homogenous mantle source relative to the differential mantle array. KEYWORDS: basaltic andesites, geochemistry, magma-feed fractures, New Mexico, spatial analyst, Uvas Volcanic Field This abstract is approved as to form and content _______________________________ Gary S.

Michelfelder Chairperson, Advisory Committee Missouri State University iii GEOLOGY AND GEOCEHMISTRY OF THE UVAS VOLCANIC FIELD AND RUBIO PEAK FORMATION OF SOUTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO, USA By Max Logan Hoffman A Masters Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College Of Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science, Masters of Science, Geospatial Sciences in Geography, Geology, and Planning August 2017 Approved: _______________________________________ Gary S. Michelfelder, PhD _______________________________________ Kevin L. Mickus, PhD _______________________________________ Xin Miao, PhD _______________________________________ Julie Masterson, PhD: Dean, Graduate College In the interest of academic freedom and the principle of free speech, approval of this thesis indicates the format is acceptable and meets the academic criteria for the discipline as determined by the faculty that constitute the thesis committee. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student- scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees.

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the people involved in this research project for their help and their support. First, I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Gary Michelfelder (Chairperson), Dr. Kevin Mickus, and Dr.

Xin Miao for their leadership and support in developing and completion of this project. A much deserved thanks to Emily Salings, Shannon Rentz, Grant Spoering, Amber Akers, and Brandie Oehring, whom helped with in the field and laboratory. Special thanks is much appreciated from Dr. Peter Larson of Washington State University and Dr.

Frank Ramos of New Mexico State University their professional analytical and laboratory assistance. I would like to thank the Graduate College of Missouri State University for their funding assistance to help cover the cost of travel, field work, laboratory test, and attend professional conferences. I would also like to thank the Department of Geography, Geology, and Planning and the College of Natural and Applied Sciences for providing the analytical software and tools necessary to produce the results of this research. A final thanks goes out to all of my family and friends who provided the encouragement to help me through this journey.

v TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 - Introduction .10 Rubio Peak Formation .11 Uvas Basalt-Basaltic Andesites .16 Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry.16 Geospatial Structural and Volcanic Analysis .19 Chapter 4 – Structural and Surface Analysis of the Sierra de las Uvas Volcanic Field, New Mexico .42 Chapter 5 – Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks in South Central New Mexico: Insight on Crustal Contamination and Magmatic Evolution .94 Structural and Surface Analysis of the Sierra de las Uvas Volcanic Field, New Mexico .94 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Oxygen Isotope Analysis of Volcanic Rocks in South-Central New Mexico .99 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 5. Radiogenic variations from whole rock samples in Uvas, Rubio Peak and Cooney Canyon tuff samples.84 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Digital elevated model of New Mexico.1 Simplified geologic map of the MDVF and the UVF area in south-central New Mexico .1 Thematic geology map of study area.2 Remote sensed image of study area with labeled volcanic centers .3 Remote-sensed Landsat image (false color RGB) of Sierra de las Uvas Volcanic Field.4 Histograms and scatter plots of bandwidths of the Uvas lavas, sedimentary and ash units of the Sierra de las Uvas Volcanic Field.5 Volcanic-structural map of Sierra de las Uvas Volcanic Field.6 Drainage network in the Sierra de las Uvas Volcanic Field with mapped interpreted mass lava flows and suggested location of volcanic centers .7 Cross-section A-A’ of the Sierra de las Uvas Volcanic Field .8 Landsat image of the Escondidio Ranch cinder cone (A and B) and cone near the Little White Gap volcanic center .9 Scatter plots of structural parameters (height, weight, volume, and ellipticity) are compared to find distribution relationships between volcanic cones and centers in the Sierra de las Uvas Volcanic Field .10 Landsat image (false color) of the Sierra de las Uva Volcanic Field (UVF) with interpreted σ1 and σ3 stress orientations.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of New Mexico.2 Simplified geology map of study area in southern New Mexico.3 Schematic cross section illustrating a model of evolving magma sources during different tectonic regimes in southern New Mexico…………………………….4: Illustrates the variations of phenocryst and textures in the Uvas basalt to basaltic andesites and the Rubio Peak andesites .88 ix LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED) Figure 5.5 Radiogenic isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr, 144Nd/143Nd, 206Pb/204Pb, 207 Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb) compared of the Sierra de las Uvas basalts, Rubio Peak andesites and Coon Canyon tuff in south-central New Mexico.6 Tectono-stratigraphic column of south-central New Mexico. Modified from McMillan et al. Tectonic and magmatic events are compared to 87Sr/86Sr and εNd to reflect changes in the shifting tectonic regime .7 Radiogenic isotope compositions compared to oxygen isotope values of the Sierra de las Uvas basalts, Rubio Peak andesites and the Cooney Canyon tuffs in south- central New Mexico .8 Oxygen isotope values from sampled volcanic rocks from the Sierra de las Uvas Volcanic Field (UVF) and Rubio Peak, Kneeling Nun tuff and Cooney Canyon tuffs from the Mogollon-Datil Volcanic Field (MDVF).9 Oxygen isotope values of mineral separates in the Sierra de las Uvas (UVF) and Mogollon-Datil (MDVF) volcanic rocks vs whole-rock SiO2 wt %.93 x CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION The wide distribution of volcanism, shifting tectonics, and evolving magma sources in New Mexico has made it a popular region of interest for understanding complex changes and development of both heterogeneous and homogenous igneous systems (Johnson et al., 1990; Mack, 2004; Ramos and Reid, 2005; Annen et al., 2006; Best et al.

Previous studies (Dungan et al., 1986; Perry et al., 1987; Duncker et al., 1991; McMillan et al., 2000) have described the geologic record in southern New Mexico and have determined implications of three mantle sources associated with these igneous systems: lithosphere, asthenosphere, and ocean-island basalts (OIB). Though previous research has distinguished these mantle sources to local volcanic fields, there is uncertainty understanding the evolving magmatic processes and implications of crustal contamination without constraining the assimilating factors. The objective of this project is to characterize the petrogenesis and magmatic evolution of the Sierra de las Uvas volcanic field (UVF) and the Rubio Peak formation of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field (MDVF) in southern New Mexico (Fig. The following chapters examine geochemical, petrographic, structural, and geomorphologic data associated with the UVF and the Rubio Peak formation of the MDVF to examine the magmatic implications involved with these extrusive records of magmatism during two time periods of tectonic transition: (1) continental arc magmatism and (2) early Rio Grande rifting.

The specific goals of this project address three questions: (1) What are the primary sources of magma associated with the Uvas basaltic andesites and the intermediate composition rocks of the Rubio Peak Formation? (2) What are the processes 1 involved in the differentiation of these magmas? (3) What does the magmatic plumbing system look like and is there a structural control on the magma reservoir feeding the Uvas Volcanic Field cinder cones? This study examines the deep magma genesis of the Rubio Peak formation and Uvas lavas in addition to understand the magmatic implications of a shallow crustal environment on controlling magma compositions during changes in the tectonic regime. The question of understanding the shallow magmatic plumbing system can help understand the deep magmatic reservoir. The relationships between shallow and deep magmatic reservoir growth and development is vital to understanding the tectonic implications that cause the immense calc-alkaline volcanism in south-central New Mexico (45-24 Ma; McMillan et al. Manuscript 1 The first manuscript titled “Structural and surface analysis of the Sierra de las Uvas volcanic field, New Mexico: Implications for magma migration” has recently been submitted to the Bulletin of Volcanology and awaits comments from the reviewers.

This manuscript presents a study using publicly available geospatial and remote sensing data and geometric classifications to provide insight on the magma migration pathways in the UVF. The manuscript seeks to determine if structural controls and geomorphic analyses suggest a relationship to the known tectonic and volcanic history in the area. The goal of this manuscript was to look at a poorly studied volcanic field and determine the evolution of this volcanic field. This manuscript uses geospatial and remote sensing analyses to identify known and unknown volcanic centers and structures of the 2 UVF and determine controlling structural trends.

The analytical procedure includes using sets of spatial analyst and data management tools to provide statistical and surface results on the UVF and its structures. These were comprised of creating geologic maps, identifying known and suggested volcanic centers, creating drainage networks and rose diagrams of faults and dikes, cone analyses, and relating information to suggested magmatic implications. These methods correlate to similar research (Adlyaman et al., 1998; Corazzato and Tibaldi, 2006; Grosse et al., 2012; Bolós et al., 2014; Muirhead et al., 2016) in which determined the relationships between volcanic structures and patterns. In this study, I propose three research questions: (1) Through remote sensing and geospatial analyses, can volcanic centers and distribution be characterized?