Luận án: Nghịch lý địa vị, định kiến và bảo tồn hiện trạng - Mark Jeffrey Routman, LSU

Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1974 Status Inconsistency and Intolerance, Prejudice and the Preservation of the Status Quo. Mark Jeffrey Routman Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Routman, Mark Jeffrey, "Status Inconsistency and Intolerance, Prejudice and the Preservation of the Status Quo. LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2758 ‘This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons.

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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeab Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 75-14,281 —— ROUTMAN, Mark Jeffrey, 1944- ị STATUS INCONSISTENCY AND INTOLERANCE, PREJUDICE ¡ AND THE PRESERVATION OF THE STATUS QUO. : The Louisiana State University and AgriculturaT i and Mechanical College, Ph., 1974 Sociology, general ; Xerox University Microfilms , Ann arbor, Michigan 48108 i THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED, STATUS INCONSISTENCY AND INTOLERANCE, PREJUDICE AND THE PRESERVATION OF THE STATUS QUO A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Sociology by Mark J., Ohio State University, 1966 M., Kent State University, 1971 December, 1974 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This author is deeply indebted to several individuals, without whose advice and aid, the completion of this work would not have been possible. Perry Howard, acting as advisor and friend, has steered the author through often rough waters. His advice has aided the author in understanding the problem at hand far better than he would have without his advice.

His attitude toward matters academic has also given marrow to this aca~ demic's backbone. Michael Grimes has given valuable methodological advice and guidance throughout. Grimes is to be credited with much of the author's understanding of factor analysis, though the methodological errors -are not his responsibility. David Smith wselfishly gave his time to help a person new to the computer field find his way through the jungle of SAS programs.

With the help of Mike Raymond, they made this dissertation possible. Edward Ott has also acted as friend and advisor. His training of this author has given this author a methodo- logical framework through which to view the problem at hand, Dr. Paul Grosser, acting as minor advisor, committee member, and friend, has given the author needed advice 11 concerning revisions of this manuscript as well as a perspec- tive about things academic which will last beyond the death of this verbage.

George Tracy is to be deeply thanked for his aid in the understanding of statistics as well as for being a good friend, Dr. Thomas Durant deserves my thanks for joining the committee at a late date, and aiding in the completion of this text. This was done despite Dr. Durant's busy schedule.

Dr, Virgil Williams, a man often in the thoughts of this author, gave this author much of his early doctoral training. During the year of encounter with Dr. Williams, an attitude and perspective were learned‘which should remain with this author for many years. Mrs, Sandy Rachal, a good friend and confidante, is responsible for getting this manuscript to press on time.

To this author, she was more than a typist. She was a real person in an often unreal setting. This author is indebted to several “non-academic" per- sons. My mother, Sylvia, and father, Jerry, were the sources for encouragement at times when the sun seemed to disappear.

Sister Gayle and Brother Lloyd added positive reinforcement at critical times. Brother Brent gave unselfish aid at times when it was needed the most. Words cannot express my thanks to my family for this aid. Sarah Sullivan, this author's sister-in-law, is to be given thanks for the use of her bedroom through the early iii months of the typing of the manuscript.

Sarah volunteered to play outside during that critical stage. Violent Sullivan), my wife's grandmother, made delicious meals, often with crowder peas, which sus- tained the hulk of this author. Her cullinary efforts did not go unnoticed. Her meals did not go uneaten.

Tom Sullivan (Weezie and Tommie), this author's in-laws, are to be deeply thanked for letting Doc do his thing. Weezie often filled his needs perceptively and graciously, and Tommie was understanding. Tommie didn't bother this author too often to wield the heavy cue stick, at a time when academics dominated his mind. Both were generous beyond words to this author.

Sue and Tom Sullivan are to be thanked for also letting the "woolie Bugger" do his thing. They were understanding and tolerant. Saun Sullivan, baby of the family, deserves credit for not playing loudly at critical times. Without Saun's respect for this author's sanctity and sanity, this text would have been even more jumbled than it is today.

Finally, this author would like to thank his bride, Terry, and cook, Terry. And, finally, his maid, Terry. Her hours often exceeded our hours. She labored tirelessly to fry noodles and give love where it was needed, Her selfless devotion to her old man and his work, to say nothing of her giving up of many good times, deserve special praise, A iv less understanding wife would have been a burden instead of an aid.

She gave me a reason to continue. It is to her, my wife Terry, that I do solemly dedi- cate this, my life's work and my first attempt at journalism, May our inconsistencies result in tolerance. ACKNOWLE LIST OF ABSTRACT CHAPTER +. TABLE OF CONTENTS DGMENTS 2.

6 6 6 ww ew te ee tw th te TABLES. 6 HH © © ee ee te ee eh ww REVIEW OF PREVIOUS LITERATURE. 0 2 ee ee ee es What is Status Inconsistency. Status Inconsistency Terminology.

ˆ The Effects of Status Inconsistency Upo Various Categories of People. +e « - Assumptions of Status Inconsistency. se ee eee Se ew we Independent Variables. 2 2 «© 2 ee we The Achieved Variables.

2 se es The Ascribed Variables .+e-s The Dependent Variables. ee ee > The Non-Political Variables. eee we Participation in Voluntary Organiza- tions. eee ew we tw Social Participation eee.

The Maintenance of Satisfactory Social Relationships. Dissatisfaction with the Lower Rank Psychosomatic Stress. 1 6 ee ee ew ew Intolerance. 6 2 © © © «© © w© @ Page ii ix The Political Variables.2 ee see « Right-Wing Extremism.

2» es « Liberalism and Conservatism. REVIEW OF THE METHODOLOGIES USED BY PREVIOUS RESEARCHERS. 1 6 6 se eo ee ew we we ee Additive and Interactive Effects " wee Methodologies of Previous Studies. Summary , , 0 2 2 8 ew we tt te te R1 III.

CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND METHODS OF INVESTIGA- TION 2. ee ee et es Conceptual Medel, Dependent Variables and Hypotheses. 2 2 2 2 ee we we te R1. 4 4 + 2 ws www Independent Variables.

6 wee we we we Status Inconsistency Determination. c4 «2 6 6 2 2 ew wee IV. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS .e ese Independent Effects 2. 2 2 6 2 2 ee ew ew Inconsistency Effects.

6 © eee Factor 2: Preservation of the Status Quo. + «© » ee » Inconsistency Effects. + ee Factor 3: Intolerance 2. 56 4 es ee Independent Effects.

ew «+ » Factor 4: Prejudice. 2 2 6 «© 2 es ew Independent Effects. 2 2 ss ee Inconsistency Effects. « « «+6 +» Page 42 43 54 55 58 58 65 75 79 79 94 102 104 104 107 112 112 112 116 123 123 125 133 133 136 138 138 140 Page Summary of Findings.

« 1 « © «© ee se wo 142 V. CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH. 2 2 2 2 8 © ee ee we ee 146 Limitations. + 6 2 6 ee ew te we te 147 Suggestions for Future Research.

6 2 2 © » © © © © © @ © we we ow we { 151 viii Table 1. LIST OF TABLES Page Independent Variables Used in the Study of Status Inconsistency. «6 «© we ee ee 16 The Dependent Variables Used by Previous Researchers in the Study of Status Inconsist- ency and the Significance of Their Findings. 32 The Types of Methodologies Used by Previous Researchers in the Study of Status Incon- Sistency.

1 6 ee ee ee ee te 66 The Means (The Standard Deviations, Degrees of Freedom, N, Partial Sums of Squares, F Values" and Probabilities of F Values Associated with the Means) for Factor 1 for the Independent Effects of Age Group, Area of the Country, Edu- cational Group, Occupational Prestige Group, and Ethno-Religious Group for the Five General Categories. 2 ww eet we tt tw. 114 Adjusted Means (The Associated N's, Partial Sums of Squares, F Values and Probabilities) For Factor 1 Associated with Various Combina- tions of Educational Group, Occupational Prestige Class, and Ethno-Religious Group. 117 "t” values for Comparisons Between Types of Inconsistency for Ethno-Religion and Educa- tion and Types of Consistency for Factorl.

120 The Means (The Standard Deviations, Degrees of Freedom, N, Partial Sums of Squares, F Values and Probabilities of F Values Associated with the Means) for Factor 2 for the Independent Effects of Age Group, Area of the Country, Edu- cational Group, Occupational Prestige Group, and Ethno-Religious Group for the Five General Categories. 1 ee ee ew te ee eee ee 124 ix Table 8, 10. Adjusted Means (The Associated N's, Partial Sums of Squares, F Values, and Probabilities) for Factor 2 Associated with Various Combina- tions of the Educational Group, Occupational Prestige Class, and Ethno-Religious Group. "t" Values for Comparisons Between Types of Inconsistency for Ethno-Religion and Education and Types of Consistency for Factor 2.