Đa dạng hóa sinh kế và thu nhập cho hộ dân tộc Khmer tại Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL)

r x x BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO • • • TRUONG DAI HOC CAN THO • • A NGO THANH VU DA KE DANG HOA SINH VA THU NHAP • • CUA HO DAN TOC KHMER O • • DONG BANG SONG CCU LONG LITAN AN TIEN Si NGANH KINH Tt NONG NGHIEP X MA SO: 62620115 NAM 2023 BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO • • • TRiroCNG DAI HOC CAN THO NGO THANH VU MA SO NCS: P0816006 DA KE DANG HOA SINH VA THU NHAP • • CUA HO DAN TOC KHMER O • • DONG BANG SONG CUT LONG H AN AN TIEN SI NGANH KINH TE NONG NGHIEP MASO: 62620115 CAN BO HI ONG DAN PGS. QUAN MINH NHCT NAM 2023 LOI CAM ON Trong suot qua trinh hoc tap, nghien ciru va thuc hien luan an nay, ban than toi da nhan dirge nliieu sir dong vien. giup do chan thanh, quy bau cua quy Thay, Co, ban be, dong nghiep va gia dinh. toi xin bay to long biet cm sail sac, chan thanh den PGS.

Quan Minli Nhirt. nguai Thay* luon tan tinh chi day, dinh huang va gop y cho toi hoan thanh luan an. Thay cung da dong vien giup toi vugt qua nhung kho khan trong nghien ciru va thuc hien luan an nay. % £ Toi chan thanh cam on quy Thay, Co cua Truong Kinh te - Tnrang Dai hoc Can * * ^ ' ' r # Tho da tan tinh tmyen dat kien thuc trong nhung nam toi hoc tap.

Von kien thuc diroc , tiep thu trong qua trinli hoc tap kliong chi la nen tang cho qua trinh thuc hien nghien ciru de hoan thanh luan an nay ma con la tri thuc quy bau giup toi trong nghien ciru va cong tac thuc tien sau nay. Toi xin gui loi cam on chan thanh den Ban lanh dao Vuon Quoc gia U Minh Thirang tinh Kien Giang; Ban lanh dao Tning tarn Xuc tien Dau tu. Thirang mai va Du lich tinh Kien Giang; Ban lanh dao So Du lich tinh Kien Giang, day la nhung noi toi da va dang cong tac, da tao nhieu dieu kien thuan loi de toi dirge yen tarn hoc tap trong suot thoi gian hoc tap. Toi xin cam on Tnrang Dai hoc Can Tho.

dac biet la Klioa Sau Dai hoc da to chirc va tao dieu kien ve moi tnrang hoc tap rat tot. Toi xin bay to long cam an den cac ban hoc vien, nghien ci'm sinh Tnrang Kinh te - Truang Dai hoc Can Tho da chia se nliieu thong tin, tai lieu hoc tap va nghien cuu, ung ho toi trong qua trinli hoc tap, thuc hien hoan thanh luan an. r ' Trong qua trinli thirc hien luan an klio tranli klioi tliieu sot, rat mong nhan dirge sir gop y chan thanh cua quy Thay, Co va dong nghiep de giup toi hoan thanh tot nhat luan an nay. Can Tha, ngay 25 lhang 12 nam 2023 Nghien ciru sinh U /r Ngo Thanh Vu TOM TAT Muc tieu nghien ciru ciia luan an la danh gia tlnrc trang, phan tich cac yeu to anh hirong den da dang hoa sinh ke, moi quan he giira da dang hoa sinh ke den thu nhap cua ho Khmer, tir do de xuat cac giai phap phu hofp giup ho dan toe Klimer d DBSCL on dinh thu nhap trong giai doan hien nay.

Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay so lirong nghe binh quan cua ho Klimer trang binh la 2,166 nghe/ho trong giai doan 2018-2020, nghien ciru cung chi ra rang co 14 bien doc lap co y nghia thong' ke. trong do co 05 bien' tac dong ciing chieu' (trinh do hoc van', quy mo gia dinh, plnrong tien san xuat, tham gia hiep hoi, moi quan he xa hoi) va 6 bien (tuoi chit ho, dao tao nghe, tiet kiem, ho trp cua chinh phu, tnrdng day nghe va lirong nnra ) tac dong ngiroc chieu vdi bien phu thuoc da dang hoa sinh ke ciia ho Khmer. Ben canh do, nghien ciru cung nhan thay rang co moi quan he giira da dang hoa sinh ke va thu nhap cua ho Khmer, cac ho co mire do da dang hoa sinh ke cang cao thi thu nliap cang tang trong giai doan 2018 - 2020. Dong thdi, nghien ciru cung chi ra rang ket qua iroc lirong trong ca 3 mo hinh 2SLS, GMM va GMM - REM deu cho thay nn'rc do da dang hoa co anh hirong den thu nhap ciia ho dan toe Klimer viing DBSCL vdi 05 bien doc lap co y nghia thong ke, trong do co 04 bien tac dong ciing chieu (SID.

nam phong van. trinh do hoc van va dien tich dat san xuat) va 01 bien ( moi quan he xa hoi) tac dong ngiroc chieu vdi bien phu thuoc thu nhap cua ho Klimer. Ddi vdi bien thdi gian ( so nam phdng van 2018 va 2020) thi co y nghia thong ke d nn'rc 5% trong mo hinh GMM - REM , dieu nay cho thay nam 2020 cac ho Klimer da co sir ^ * thay ddi thu nliap dang ke hon so vdi nam 2018. Ngoai ra, nghien ciru da chi ra rang vdi mo hinh 2SLS, GMM-REM cho thay kliong co sir kliac biet ve thu.

doi vdi mo hinh nhap ciia cac ho Khmer tai cac tinh nghien ciru. The nhirng GMM cho thay cac ho Klimer tinh Soc Trang co nn'rc thu nliap nhieu nhat, ke den la tinh Tra Vinh va cuoi ciing la tinli Kien Giang. Tren co so cac ket qua nghien ciru, tac gia de xuat mot so bien phap nham cai thien klia nang da dang hoa sinh ke dam bao ddi song on dinh cua ho dan toe Klnner d DBSCL nlnr sau: Thir nhat, nha nirdc can quan tarn nang cao trinh do giao due va trinh do chuyen mon ky thuat cho ho dan toe Klimer tai dia plnrong. Thu hai, co chinli sach tao dieu kien cho thi tnrong lao dong a kliu virc co dong dongS bao dan A \ **> toe JS Khmer phat trien.

Thu ba, chinli sach mo rong cac co so va chirong trinh tin dung - va don gian hoa cac thu tuc hanh chinli de cac ho gia dinh Khmer de tiep can. w r Thu tu, chinli quyen dia phuang thuc hien cac chinli sach kliuyen kliich thu hut cac ho dan toe Klimer tham gia vao cac hiep hoi, doan the, co quan. to chvrc chinli tri - xa hoi tren dia ban. Cuoi ciing, cac cap, cac nganli chuc nang can quan tarn day manh phat trien co so ha tang giao thong, nliat la he thong giao thong dirbng bo.

Ket qua nghien ciru cua luan an con co mot so y nghia ve mat hoc thuat, dong gop phong phu them cho tu lieu nghien ciru thirc nghiem trong do hrdng va phan tich cac yeu to tac dong den da dang hoa sinli ke. anil hirong cua da dang hoa sinh ke den thu nliap. Ngoai ra, ket qua nghien ciru va cac giai phap de xuat giup hieu ro dac diem ho Klimer va cac nguon lire deni den thu nhap cua ho Klimer. Dieu nay se giup cac co quan chuyen 111611 co the tham kliao van dung xay dung chinli sach trong viec quan ly phat trien doi voi dong bao dan toe Klimer.

111 ABSTRACT The research objectives of the thesis are to assess the current situation, analyze the factors affecting livelihood diversification and the relationship between livelihood diversification and income of Khmer households, thereby proposing suitable solutions to help Khmer ethnic households in the Mekong Delta stabilize their income in the current period. The research results show that the average number of occupations Khmer households had 2.166 occupations per household in the period between 2018 and 2020, the study also shows that there are 14 independent variables with statistical significance, of which five variables have the same direction (education level, family size, means of production, association membership, social relationships) and six variables ( the age of householder, vocational training, savings, government support, vocational schools, and rainfall) have negative effects on the dependent variable of livelihood diversification of Khmer households. In addition, the study has also found that there is a relationship between livelihood diversification and the income of Khmer households, the higher the level of livelihood diversification, the higher the income increases in the period 2018 - 2020. At the same time, the study has also shown that the estimation results in all three models of 2SLS, GMM and GMM - REM which indicate that the degree of diversification affects the income of Khmer ethnic households in the Mekong Delta with 05 independent variables, in which there are 04 variables that have the same direction (SID.

year of interview, education level and production area); and 01 variable ( social relationship) has a negative impact on the dependent variable on the income of Khmer households. The time variable (the number of interview years 2018 and 2020) has statistically significant at the 5% level in the GMM - REM model, which shows that in 2020 Khmer households have had a more significant change in income compared with 2018. Furthermore, the study has shown that there is no difference in the income of Khmer households in the studied provinces with the 2SLS and GMM-REM models. However, the GMM model shows that the Khmer households in Soc Trang province have the highest income level, followed by Tra Vinh province and finally in Kien Giang province.

On the basis of the research results, the author proposes a number of measures to improve the ability to diversify livelihoods to ensure a stable life for ethnic minority households in the Mekong Delta as follows: IV Firstly, the state should pay attention to improvin the education levels and technical qualifications for local Khmer ethnic households. Secondly, there are policies to create favorable conditions for the labor market where there are a large number of Khmer ethnic people to develop. Thirdly, the policy of expanding credit facilities and programs, and simplifying administrative procedures that are easy to access for rural households. Fourthly, the local authorities implement policies to encourage the ethnic minority households to participate in associations, unions, agencies and socio-political organizations in the area.

Finally, all levels and functional sectors need to pay attention to promote the development of transport infrastructure, especially the road and waterway transport system. The research results of the thesis also have some academic significance and contribute enriching empirical research materials in measuring and analyzing factors affecting livelihood diversification and the influence of livelihood diversification on income. In addition, the research results and proposed solutions help to understand the characteristics of Khmer households and the sources of income of Khmer households. This will help the professional agencies be able to refer to the application of policy development in the management and development of Khmer ethnic people.

v CAM DOAN KET QUA NGHIEN ClJtJ Toi xin cam ket luan an nay dirge hoan thanh dira tren cac ket qua nghien cira cua toi va cac ket qua nghien ciru nay chira dirge dung cho bat cir luan an cung cap nao kliac. Can Tha, ngay 25 lhang 12 nam 2023 Can bo hirdng dan Nghien ciru sinh /Vlc^ PGS.