Điều hòa sinh học macrophage và đáp ứng miễn dịch bởi lipid mycobacterium

Trường ĐH

University of Notre Dame

Chuyên ngành

Biological Sciences

Tác giả

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Dissertation

Năm xuất bản

Số trang

190

Thời gian đọc

29 phút

Lượt xem

0

Lượt tải

0

Phí lưu trữ

50 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ABSTRACT

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

1.2. Classification of mycobacteria

1.3. Mycobacterial cell wall

1.4. Biology of macrophages

1.5. Mycobacterial entry in macrophage

1.6. Mycobacterial invasion of macrophage

1.7. Mycobacterial lifestyle inside macrophages

1.8. Immunity to mycobacteria

1.9. Trafficking of Mycobacterial lipids

1.10. Macrophage endocytic pathway

2. CHAPTER 2: Mycobacterium avium 104 deleted of the methyltransferase D gene by allelic replacement lacks serotype-specific glycopeptidolipids and shows attenuated virulence in mice

2.1. Bacterial strains and growth conditions

2.2. Gene exchange by homologous recombination

2.3. BMMΦ isolation and culture

2.4. Cytokine profile of macrophages infected with M.

2.5. In vivo mycobacterial infections

2.6. Disruption of the M. avium 104 mtfD gene by homologous recombination

2.7. In vitro macrophage infections with WT, mtfD mutant and complemented M.

2.8. Mouse infections with the WT, mtfD mutant and complemented M.

3. CHAPTER 3: Elevated MAP kinase signaling and increased macrophage activation in cells infected with a glycopeptidolipid-deficient Mycobacterium avium

3.1. BMMΦ isolation and culture

3.2. Preparation of surface-exposed material from M.

3.3. Extraction and purification of GPLs

3.4. Western blot analysis

3.5. Chemokine/Cytokine profile of macrophages infected with M.

3.6. Bacterial killing assay

3.7. Differential activation of the MAPK in macrophages infected with Rg and SmT M.

3.8. Calmodulin kinase is upstream of ERK1/2 MAPK in the macrophages infected with M.

3.9. MAPK activation is differentially required for TNF-α production in macrophages infected with Rg compared to SmO and SmT M.

3.10. TNF-α production is NF-κB dependent

3.11. Differential activation profile for BMMΦs following infection with Rg and SmT M.

3.12. The Rg 2151 is killed by BMMΦs

4. CHAPTER 4: Release and trafficking of glycopeptidolipids in macrophages infected with M.

4.1. BMMφ isolation and culture

4.2. Antibodies and immunofluorescence staining

4.3. Thin layer chromatography immunostaining

4.4. Isolation of exosomes

4.5. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation

4.6. Labeling with N-Rh-PE

4.7. Analysis of un-infected bystander cells

4.8. Coupling of exosomes to latex beads

4.9. Flow cytometric analysis of exosomes

4.10. Macrophage infection with exosomes

4.11. Glycopeptidolipid trafficking in M. avium 2151 infected macrophages

4.12. Intracellular sorting of released glycopeptidolipids

4.13. Rab11 is transiently associated with GPL positive MVBs

4.14. Role of exosomes in intercellular communication

4.15. Macrophage activation by the exosomes from mycobacteria infected macrophages

4.16. TNF-α production is toll-like receptor dependent

4.17. Exosome stimulatory activity is not dependent on GPLs

5. CHAPTER 5: Macrophage activation by exosomes isolated from mycobacteria infected macrophages

5.1. BMMφ isolation and culture

5.2. Isolation of exosomes

5.3. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation

5.4. Coupling of exosomes to latex beads

5.5. Flow cytometric analysis of exosomes

5.6. Macrophage infection with exosomes

5.7. Western blot analysis

5.8. Exosomes isolated from mycobacteria infected cells induce pro-inflammatory response in non-infected macrophages

5.9. Toll-like receptor dependent production of TNF-α in exosomes treated cells

5.10. Exosomes from activated macrophages are not enough to induce pro-inflammatory response

5.11. Activated exosomes from other intracellular pathogen

5.12. In vivo induction of pro-inflammatory response by the mycobacterial exosomes

6. CHAPTER 6: Summary and future perspectives

6.1. Mycobacterial species known to cause human disease

6.2. A chemical model of the mycobacterial cell wall

6.3. List of some common mycobacterial lipids present on mycobacterial cell wall

6.4. Structure of glycopeptidolipids

6.5. Different serovars showing oligosaccharides attached to the core structure of GPLs

6.6. List of pattern recognition receptors and some of their respective pathogen associated molecular patterns

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