Khatun defended thesis for etd with final corrections 11 19 19

PERCEPTION OF CHRONIC DISEASE RISK IN FACULTY AND STAFF AT KENT STATE UNIVERSITY A thesis submitted to the Kent State University College of Education, Health, and Human Services in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics By Zobeda Khatun December 2019 © Copyright, 2019 by Zobeda khatun All Rights Reserved ii A thesis written by Zobeda Khatun B., University of Dhaka Bangladesh, 1999 M., University of Dhaka Bangladesh, 2001 MPhil (Part 1) University of Dhaka Bangladesh, 2005 M., Kent State University, 2019 Approved by _______________________, Director, Master's Thesis Committee Karen Lowry Gordon ________________________, Member, Master's Thesis Committee Natalie Caine-Bish ________________________, Member, Master's Thesis Committee Jamie Matthews Accepted by ________________________, Director, School of Health Sciences Ellen Glickman ________________________, Dean, College of Education, Health, and Human Services James C. Hannon iii ZOBEDA KHATUN, M., December 2019 Nutrition and Dietetics PERCEPTION OF CHRONIC DISEASE RISK IN FACULTY AND STAFF ON- CAMPUS AT KENT STATE UNIVERSITY (114 pp.) Director of Thesis: Karen Lowry Gordon, Ph. Chronic diseases are the disease that lasts three months or more and generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication. It requires ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both.

Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine perception of chronic disease risk in Kent State employees. The survey was distributed to total 3,472 Kent State University employees through Qualtrics. This was non-experimental, quantitative, post-test only design study.

ANOVA and descriptive statistics were used to determine differences in perceptions of chronic disease risk between faculty and staff and p=. The data were compiled and analyzed using (SPSS) software. About half of faculty and one third of staff indicated that they did not have any chronic conditions. The most common condition among faculty was high cholesterol, while the most common condition among staff was obesity.

There was no significant difference in perception of chronic disease risk based on education level. However, there were no significant differences found between faculty and staff members on barriers of exercise score, worrying score at developing chronic disease later in life. There are variety of ways university can support for part-time staff, such as offering flexible work hours, low cost or no cost exercise facility. Barriers to exercise most commonly identified were lack of time, lack of interest, lack of motivation and lack of facilities.

It provides valuable results to expand the research currently known on perception of chronic disease risk in a university workplace. The study also provides further evidence for healthcare professionals on how to educate university faculty and staff on the importance of reducing the risk of chronic disease by providing evidence-based health information via a workplace wellness program. The results also encourage future research to implement intervention studies to determine the best strategy to combat university faculty and staff increase healthy life behaviors, dietary variety. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to, first, thank Dr.

Karen Lowry Gordon for her time and effort put into my thesis as my advisor. She was so helpful throughout the entire process and provided much needed advice, expertise, and encouragement along the way. I would also like to express gratitude towards the other members on my committee, Dr. Natalie Caine-Bish and Jamie Matthews.

Both provided great insights and advice on how to improve my research. I appreciated all the time and effort that they contributed to my thesis development as well. I would like to express my special thanks to my greatest support system; my family, my sons Faiaz and Fahad. They surrounded me with their unconditional love and supported me during this journey.

Thank you for my parents and siblings for believing in me and raising me to be the person I am today. Thank you for not letting distance prevent you from always being available whenever I needed you. This journey would not have been possible without the support of my friends, mentors. Thank you for encouraging me in all my pursuits and inspiring me to follow my dreams.

I am especially grateful to Mary, Monica, Linda, Patsy, Adeel, Nazia, Mohsin, Sharmin who, in their own unique and special ways, encouraged me to this journey. When I lost hope on people, they give back trust to me. Mary was the one who check with me second times and embraced me with Patsy and her husband Dan’s love, I love you Monica and I feel humbled and honored, Linda- you were always with word of encouragement, supportive and a listening ear even we are in thousand miles apart. To Jennifer Hinton, my American Mom – thank you for your enthusiasm, pride and curiosity to share my map of the world.

Dear Muna, Mustafa and Moshi, you should know that your support and encouragement was worth more than I can express on paper. Francis Santelli, who has been incredibly supportive and helpful throughout this process. She has encouraged me to keep pushing through by providing me with her time and motivational speeches. I could never express enough gratitude for what she has done to keep my life together during this program.

I am grateful for the individuals who took the time to complete my survey and answer thoughtfully and honestly. This provided me with data that was presentable and beneficial to nutrition research. I would like to thank Kristin Yeager. Kristin was crucial in helping me analyze my data and worked with me to analyze it in the way that fit my research study.

He provided valuable expertise and knowledge regarding statistics and took much time to prepare the data in the best way possible. Last but not least, I would like to thank JFS and PMHA for their continuous support of my education by providing me and my boys basic needs. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. iii LIST OF TABLES.

viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .1 Statement of Problem .7 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .9 Types of Chronic Disease .11 Risk factors for cardiovascular disease .12 Prevalence of cardiovascular disease .12 Economic impact of cardiovascular disease .13 Risk factors of cancer.13 Prevalence of cancer .14 Economic impact of cancer .14 Chronic Respiratory Diseases .16 Risk factor of chronic respiratory disease .17 Prevalence of chronic respiratory disease .17 Economic impact of chronic respiratory disease .18 Risk factors of diabetes .19 Prevalence of diabetes.19 Economic impact of diabetes .21 Risk factors of stroke .22 Prevalence of stroke .22 Economic impact of stroke .23 Major Chronic Disease Risk Factors .23 Poor Diet and Physical Inactivity .24 Lack of physical activity .25 Knowledge about Chronic Disease .26 General Statistics of Chronic Disease .30 Increasing demand for health care and driving up costs. employers and employees .31 Costing future while today's situation is grave.31 Factors influencing diet and other lifestyle behavior of faculty and Staff .31 Prevention of Chronic Disease by Means of Diet and Lifestyle Changes .32 Avoid Tobacco Use.32 Maintain a Healthy Weight .33 Maintain Daily Physical Activity and Limit Television Watching .33 Eat a Healthy Diet .34 Replace saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats, including sources of omega-3 fatty acids.34 Ensure generous consumption of fruits and vegetables and adequate folic acid intake.34 Consume cereal products in their whole-grain, high-fiber form.35 Limit consumption of sugar and sugar-based foods and beverages .35 Limit excessive caloric intake from any source .35 Limit sodium intake .35 Chronic Disease Prevention .36 Faculty and Staff Focused on Nutrition Intervention .39 Interventions by Health Care Providers .40 Transportation Policy and Environmental Design .40 Limit the Role of Automobiles .41 Promote Walking and Bicycle Riding .42 Design Cities and Towns to Promote Health .42 Improved Food Supply .43 Improving Processing and Manufacturing .44 Initiatives at the Community Level .48 vii Block One: Demographic .48 Block Two: Personal and Family Medical History.49 Block Three: Chronic Disease Risk Perception .49 Block Four: Perception of Barrier to Exercise .49 Block Five: Belief of Developing Chronic Disease, Developing Lowering the Chronic Disease .51 IV JOURNAL ARTICLE .59 Personal and Family Medical History.61 Chronic Disease Risk Perception .66 Strengths and Limitations. ASSESSMENT OF PERCEPTION OF CHRONIC DISEASE FACULTY AND STAFF ON-CAMPUS AT KENT STATE UNIVERSITY QUESTIONNAIRE .95 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Demographic Data of Kent State University full time and Part-time Faculty and Staff who Responded to the survey (n=394). 60 2 Summary of Kent State University Faculty and Staff Respondents’ Personal Medical History of Chronic Disease (n=325).

61 3 Descriptive Statistics for Average Overall Health Rating Based on Education Level, Full-time/Part-time Status, and Faculty/Staff Classification. 62 4 Descriptive Statistics for Average Perception of Chronic Disease Risk Control Based on Education Level, Full-time/Part-time Status, and Faculty/Staff Classification. 63 5 Descriptive Statistics for Perception of Exercise Barrier Scores of Full Time and Part-time University Faculty and Staff. 64 6 Descriptive Statistics for Perception of Chronic Disease Worry Scores of Full time and part-time university faculty and staff.

65 7 Descriptive Statistics for Perception of Average Nutrition Perception Scores of Full Time and Part-time University Faculty and staff. 66 ix 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Chronic disease is a disease that lasts three months or more (National Health Council, 2014). Chronic diseases are the main cause of dying and incapacity inside the United State of America. One hundred and thirty-three million individuals have at least one Chronic disease (Wu, S.

Chronic diseases are chargeable for seven out of every ten deaths in the United State of America, responsible for the death of more than 1.7 million Americans each year. Chronic sickness can damage and decrease a person’s quality of life, especially if left undiagnosed or without treatment. In this representative case, each 30 seconds a lower part of the body is surgically removed as a consequence of diabetes (Boulton, Vileikyte, Ragnarson-Tennvall, & Apelqvist, 2005). A decrease of physical movement and utilizing inappropriate diet is a significant factor for noncommunicable chronic diseases non communicable chronic diseases, for example, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and cancer.

Less physical activity is happening in numerous nations. Globally, 23% of adults and 81% school going adolescent are not sufficiently active enough (World Health Organization fact sheet report,2017) People with chronic conditions are the most frequent users of health care in the U. They are responsible for 81% of medical institution admissions; 91% of every prescription filled; and 76% of every doctor visit (Burton, Anderson, & Kues, 2004). Chronic diseases also account for most of healthcare spending.A, total 2 spending on public and private health care amounted to approximately $2 trillion during 2005 (Keehan et al.

Of that amount, more than 75% went toward treatment of chronic disease (Pate et al. That is equivalent to $5,000 worth of spending per person on treatment of chronic disease more than double what the average American spends on gasoline in a year. In publicly funded health programs, spending on chronic disease represents an even greater proportion of total spending (Rula, Pope, & Stone, 2011). The human and economic toll of chronic disease on patients' families and society is enormous (Bloom, D.

Adding urgency to the non-communicable chronic diseases debate is the likelihood that the number of people affected by non-communicable chronic diseases will rise substantially in the coming decades. One reason is the interaction between two major demographic trends. The world population is increasing, and although the rate of increase has slowed, United Nations projections indicate that there will be approximately 2 billion more people by 2050. In addition, the share of those aged 60 and older has begun to increase and is expected to grow very rapidly in the coming years.

Since non-communicable chronic diseases disproportionately affect this age group, the incidence of these diseases can be expected to accelerate in the future. Increasing prevalence of the key risk factors will also contribute to the urgency, particularly as globalization and urbanization take greater hold in the developing world (Bloom et al, 2012).